PROXIMATE AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF KAPOK SEED OIL (CEIBA PENTANDRA)
ABSTRACT
Kapok seed was analysed for its proximate composition and Kapok seek oil was analysed for minerals, Acid value and free fatty acid value, saponification value, viscosity, refractive index and specific gravity. It contains moisture content (7%), Ash content (5%), Crude fat (21.49), Acid Value (65.40), Free Fatty Acid value (46.11), Saponification value (84.15), Refractive index (1.467), Specific gravity (0.9264), Viscosity (3.96 x 10-2), Ester value (18.75) and Peroxide value (14.3). The oil also contain some minerals in little quantity manganese -0.11 ppm/g, Magnesium – 0.17 ppm/g, Calcium – 0.24 ppm/g, Iron – 6.80 ppm/g, it does not contain lead and Zinc.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Kapok [Ceibapentandra(L) Gaertn., Family Bombacaceae], the silk cotton tree, is native to the New World and Africa, found widespread in the tropics and in several plantations in Southeast Asia, and known for its white silky floss (Mojica et al., 2002; Chaiarrekij, 2011). There is strong ecological, botanical and cytological evidence that the trees’ original distribution may have been in western and central Africa. It is the largest African forest tree and severally known among some Nigerian ethnic groups as Rimi (Hausa), Bamtami (Fulani), Arabaogungun (Yoruba) and Akpi (Igbo). Kapok is a fast growing tree and becomes productive within 4-5 years. Yields increase for about 8 years and its economical lifespan is about 60 years. A tree under optimal conditions may yield 330-400 fruits per year, giving 15-18 kg fibre and about 30 kg seeds. A satisfactory fibre yield is about 450 kg/ha and a very good yield is about 700 kg/ha (Louppeet al., 2008). Kapok tree produces between 500 and 4,000 fruits at one time, with each fruit containing 200 seeds. Each kapok tree bears 1000 to 2000 pods annually (Narahari and AshaRajini, 2003). When these fruit burst open, silky fibers spread the many seeds all over the environs. Kapok fiber is an agricultural product obtained from the fruits of the kapok tree (Tang et al., 2008; Qiuling and Lin, 2009). Kapok fibers are fluffy, light-weight, and too in elastic to be span. Kapok fibre is much appreciated for its low density and insulating properties that made it suitable for a large number of commercial applications, including pillows, upholstery, mattresses, soft toys, clothes stuffing, thermal and acoustic insulation (Bates 2004; Orwaet al., 2009; Chairrekijet al., 2011). Kapok wood is a light, porous and resistant timber useful for plywood, packaging, carvings, and dugout canoes (Orwaet al., 2009). The seeds are also used as food/feed for humans and livestocks (Danso, 2001). Hassan et al., (2007) reported that Kapok seed is a very good source of edible oil and have the potential for use as raw material in paint industries. Kapok seed has the potential to be used as raw material for biodiesel (Putriet al., 2012). Data on the nutritive value of locally available Kapok seeds in our environment is essential for an effective and efficient use of available resources, an effort towards reaping its economic benefits. for its low density and insulating properties that made it suitable for a large number of commercial applications, including pillows, upholstery, mattresses, soft toys, clothes stuffing, thermal and acoustic insulation (Bates 2004; Orwaet al., 2009; Chairrekijet al., 2011). Kapok wood is a light, porous and resistant timber useful for plywood, packaging, carvings, and dugout canoes (Orwaet al., 2009). The seeds are also used as food/feed for humans and livestocks (Danso, 2001). Hassan et al., (2007) reported that Kapok seed is a very good source of edible oil and have the potential for use as raw material in paint industries. Kapok seed has the potential to be used as raw material for biodiesel (Putriet al., 2012). Data on the nutritive value of locally available Kapok seeds in our environment is essential for an effective and efficient use of available resources, an effort towards reaping its economic benefits.The study is a proximate and physico- chemical analysis of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra). The study is the Proximate and physico- chemical analysis of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra)
The problem confronting the study is the Proximate and physico- chemical analysis of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra). Ceiba pentandra is a tree found in the steamy emergent layer of rainforests. It belongs to the Malvaceae (Malvalea) family. It is found extensively all over the world, from tropical America to Asia through Africa, and on farms in Southeast Asia, Western South India, Sri Lanka and other parts of East Asia and Africa. It is being used as a conventional medicine for the treatment of several disorders, such as headache, dizziness, diabetes, diuretic, fever, hypertension, constipation, mental disorders, peptic ulce.Kapok seed has the potential to be used as raw material for biodiesel (Putriet al., 2012). Data on the nutritive value of locally available Kapok seeds in our environment is essential for an effective and efficient use of available resources, an effort towards reaping its economic benefits. for its low density and insulating properties that made it suitable for a large number of commercial applications, including pillows, upholstery, mattresses, soft toys, clothes stuffing, thermal and acoustic insulation (Bates 2004; Orwaet al., 2009; Chairrekijet al., 2011). Kapok wood is a light, porous and resistant timber useful for plywood, packaging, carvings, and dugout canoes (Orwaet al., 2009). The seeds are also used as food/feed for humans and livestocks (Danso, 2001). Hassan et al., (2007) reported that Kapok seed is a very good source of edible oil and have the potential for use as raw material in paint industries.
The main objective of the study is the Proximate and physico- chemical analysis of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra).
The specific objective include
- To appraise the nature and uses of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra).
- To determine the Proximate and physico- chemical analysis of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra).
- To determine the significance of kapok seed oil
- To determine the benefits of kapok seed oil
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study shall be of immense importance to health workers as the medicinal use of kapok seed oil serve the treatment of many ailments
The study shall also be of importance to industrialist as kapok seeds is suitable for a large number of commercial applications, including pillows, upholstery, mattresses, soft toys, clothes stuffing, thermal and acoustic insulation
The study is an appraisal of the Proximate and physico- chemical analysis of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra). The study analyses the nature and uses of kapok seed oil and the Proximate and physico- chemical analysis.
The study was confronted by the following constaints
- LOGISTICS: The researcher was faced with limited logistics in the conduct of the study
- FINANCE: The researcher was also confronted with limited finance in the conduct of the study.
3 TIME : There was limited time available as the researcher was also faced with other academic activities.
KAPOK SEED OIL DEFINED
Kapok seed oil is an edible oil and is used in soap production. The kapok is more important for the production of fibres, which are smooth, water-repellent and very elastic. In water, they have a bearing strength of 50 times their weight (Roth and Kormann 2000, p. 52, 128). Description: The tree grows up to 60 m tall. The Colour: Light-yellow, rather viscous, non-drying . The Melting point is 26.2–31.6 °C
Kapok with its scientific name as Ceiba pentandra belongs to the family Malvaceae and order Malvales.
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PROXIMATE AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF KAPOK SEED OIL (CEIBA PENTANDRA).docx
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PROXIMATE AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF KAPOK SEED OIL (CEIBA PENTANDRA)
ABSTRACT
Kapok seed was analysed for its proximate composition and Kapok seek oil was analysed for minerals, Acid value and free fatty acid value, saponification value, viscosity, refractive index and specific gravity. It contains moisture content (7%), Ash content (5%), Crude fat (21.49), Acid Value (65.40), Free Fatty Acid value (46.11), Saponification value (84.15), Refractive index (1.467), Specific gravity (0.9264), Viscosity (3.96 x 10-2), Ester value (18.75) and Peroxide value (14.3). The oil also contain some minerals in little quantity manganese -0.11 ppm/g, Magnesium – 0.17 ppm/g, Calcium – 0.24 ppm/g, Iron – 6.80 ppm/g, it does not contain lead and Zinc.
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Kapok [Ceibapentandra(L) Gaertn., Family Bombacaceae], the silk cotton tree, is native to the New World and Africa, found widespread in the tropics and in several plantations in Southeast Asia, and known for its white silky floss (Mojica et al., 2002; Chaiarrekij, 2011). There is strong ecological, botanical and cytological evidence that the trees’ original distribution may have been in western and central Africa. It is the largest African forest tree and severally known among some Nigerian ethnic groups as Rimi (Hausa), Bamtami (Fulani), Arabaogungun (Yoruba) and Akpi (Igbo). Kapok is a fast growing tree and becomes productive within 4-5 years. Yields increase for about 8 years and its economical lifespan is about 60 years. A tree under optimal conditions may yield 330-400 fruits per year, giving 15-18 kg fibre and about 30 kg seeds. A satisfactory fibre yield is about 450 kg/ha and a very good yield is about 700 kg/ha (Louppeet al., 2008). Kapok tree produces between 500 and 4,000 fruits at one time, with each fruit containing 200 seeds. Each kapok tree bears 1000 to 2000 pods annually (Narahari and AshaRajini, 2003). When these fruit burst open, silky fibers spread the many seeds all over the environs. Kapok fiber is an agricultural product obtained from the fruits of the kapok tree (Tang et al., 2008; Qiuling and Lin, 2009). Kapok fibers are fluffy, light-weight, and too in elastic to be span. Kapok fibre is much appreciated for its low density and insulating properties that made it suitable for a large number of commercial applications, including pillows, upholstery, mattresses, soft toys, clothes stuffing, thermal and acoustic insulation (Bates 2004; Orwaet al., 2009; Chairrekijet al., 2011). Kapok wood is a light, porous and resistant timber useful for plywood, packaging, carvings, and dugout canoes (Orwaet al., 2009). The seeds are also used as food/feed for humans and livestocks (Danso, 2001). Hassan et al., (2007) reported that Kapok seed is a very good source of edible oil and have the potential for use as raw material in paint industries. Kapok seed has the potential to be used as raw material for biodiesel (Putriet al., 2012). Data on the nutritive value of locally available Kapok seeds in our environment is essential for an effective and efficient use of available resources, an effort towards reaping its economic benefits. for its low density and insulating properties that made it suitable for a large number of commercial applications, including pillows, upholstery, mattresses, soft toys, clothes stuffing, thermal and acoustic insulation (Bates 2004; Orwaet al., 2009; Chairrekijet al., 2011). Kapok wood is a light, porous and resistant timber useful for plywood, packaging, carvings, and dugout canoes (Orwaet al., 2009). The seeds are also used as food/feed for humans and livestocks (Danso, 2001). Hassan et al., (2007) reported that Kapok seed is a very good source of edible oil and have the potential for use as raw material in paint industries. Kapok seed has the potential to be used as raw material for biodiesel (Putriet al., 2012). Data on the nutritive value of locally available Kapok seeds in our environment is essential for an effective and efficient use of available resources, an effort towards reaping its economic benefits.The study is a proximate and physico- chemical analysis of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra). The study is the Proximate and physico- chemical analysis of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra)
The problem confronting the study is the Proximate and physico- chemical analysis of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra). Ceiba pentandra is a tree found in the steamy emergent layer of rainforests. It belongs to the Malvaceae (Malvalea) family. It is found extensively all over the world, from tropical America to Asia through Africa, and on farms in Southeast Asia, Western South India, Sri Lanka and other parts of East Asia and Africa. It is being used as a conventional medicine for the treatment of several disorders, such as headache, dizziness, diabetes, diuretic, fever, hypertension, constipation, mental disorders, peptic ulce.Kapok seed has the potential to be used as raw material for biodiesel (Putriet al., 2012). Data on the nutritive value of locally available Kapok seeds in our environment is essential for an effective and efficient use of available resources, an effort towards reaping its economic benefits. for its low density and insulating properties that made it suitable for a large number of commercial applications, including pillows, upholstery, mattresses, soft toys, clothes stuffing, thermal and acoustic insulation (Bates 2004; Orwaet al., 2009; Chairrekijet al., 2011). Kapok wood is a light, porous and resistant timber useful for plywood, packaging, carvings, and dugout canoes (Orwaet al., 2009). The seeds are also used as food/feed for humans and livestocks (Danso, 2001). Hassan et al., (2007) reported that Kapok seed is a very good source of edible oil and have the potential for use as raw material in paint industries.
The main objective of the study is the Proximate and physico- chemical analysis of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra).
The specific objective include
The study shall be of immense importance to health workers as the medicinal use of kapok seed oil serve the treatment of many ailments
The study shall also be of importance to industrialist as kapok seeds is suitable for a large number of commercial applications, including pillows, upholstery, mattresses, soft toys, clothes stuffing, thermal and acoustic insulation
The study is an appraisal of the Proximate and physico- chemical analysis of kapok seed oil (ceiba pentandra). The study analyses the nature and uses of kapok seed oil and the Proximate and physico- chemical analysis.
The study was confronted by the following constaints
3 TIME : There was limited time available as the researcher was also faced with other academic activities.
KAPOK SEED OIL DEFINED
Kapok seed oil is an edible oil and is used in soap production. The kapok is more important for the production of fibres, which are smooth, water-repellent and very elastic. In water, they have a bearing strength of 50 times their weight (Roth and Kormann 2000, p. 52, 128). Description: The tree grows up to 60 m tall. The Colour: Light-yellow, rather viscous, non-drying . The Melting point is 26.2–31.6 °C
Kapok with its scientific name as Ceiba pentandra belongs to the family Malvaceae and order Malvales.
GET NOW MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS
Attached Files